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The Z3 was an electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2,000 relays, implementing a 22-bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code and constant data were stored on punched film. The Z3 was completed in Berlin in 1941. The German Aircraft Research Institute used it to perform statistical analyses of wing flutter. Zuse asked the German government for funding to replace the relays with fully electronic switches, but funding was denied during World War II since such development was deemed "not war-important". The original Z3 was destroyed in 1943 during an Allied bombardment of Berlin. The Z3 was originally called V3 (''Versuchsmodell 3'', i.e. Experimental Model 3) but was renamed to not be confused with Germany's V-weapons.〔(Z3 Computer (1938-1941) ), http://www.computermuseum.li〕 A fully functioning replica was built in the 1960s by Zuse's company, Zuse KG, and is on permanent display in the Deutsches Museum. The Z3 was demonstrated in 1998 to be, in principle, Turing-complete.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How to Make Zuse's Z3 a Universal Computer )〕 Thanks to this machine and its predecessors, Konrad Zuse is often regarded as the inventor of the computer.〔(RTD Net ): "From various sides Konrad Zuse was awarded with the title "Inventor of the computer"."〕〔(GermanWay ): "(...)German inventor of the computer"〕〔(Monsters & Critics ): "he(Zuse) built the world's first computer in Berlin"〕〔(About.com ): "Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of "inventor of the modern computer""〕 == Design and development == Zuse designed the Z1 in 1935 to 1936 and built it from 1936 to 1938. The Z1 was wholly mechanical and only worked for a few minutes at a time at most. Helmut Schreyer advised Zuse to use a different technology. As a doctoral student at the Berlin Institute of Technology in 1937 he worked on the implementation of Boolean operations and (in today's terminology) flip-flops on the basis of vacuum tubes. In 1938 Schreyer demonstrated a circuit on this basis to a small audience, and explained his vision of an electronic computing machine – but since the largest operational electronic devices contained far fewer tubes this was considered practically infeasible. Zuse decided to implement the next design based on relays. The realization of the Z2 was helped financially by Dr. Kurt Pannke, who manufactured small calculating machines. The Z2 was completed in 1939 and presented to an audience of the ドイツ語:''Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt'' ("German Laboratory for Aviation") in 1940 in Berlin-Adlershof. Zuse was lucky – this presentation was one of the few instances where the Z2 actually worked and could convince the DVL to partly finance the next design.〔 Improving on the basic Z2 machine, he built the Z3 in 1941, which was a highly secret project of the German government.〔("New perspectives, computer concepts" ), June Jamrich Parsons, Dan Oja. Cengage Learning, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4239-0610-0, ISBN 978-1-4239-0610-0. Retrieved March 14, 2010.〕 Dr. Joseph Jennissen (1905-1977),〔Alexander Kauther, Paul Wirtz: ''Der Einzelkämpfer Dorner''. Grin Verlag Gmbh, 2013, ISBN 3656048606〕 member of the "Research-Leadership" (''Forschungsführung'') in the Reich Air Ministry〔Helmut Maier: ''Forschung als Waffe'', Wallstein Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3835301098, p. 847〕 acted as a government supervisor for orders of the ministry to Zuse's company ''ZUSE Apparatebau''.〔(1977-compilation by Zuse of people in contact to his computers from 1935 to 1945 )〕 A further intermediary between Zuse and the Reich Air Ministry was the aerodynamicist Herbert A. Wagner .〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Konrad Zuse und die ETH Zürich )〕 The Z3 was completed in 1941 and was faster and far more reliable than the Z1 and Z2. The Z3 floating-point arithmetic was improved over that of the Z1 in that it implemented exception handling. The exceptional values plus infinity, minus infinity and undefined could be generated and passed through operations. The Z3 stored its program on an external tape, thus no rewiring was necessary to change programs. On 12 May 1941 the Z3 was presented to an audience of scientists including the professors Alfred Teichmann and Curt Schmieden〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An einem 12. Mai )〕 of the ドイツ語:''Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt'' ("German Laboratory for Aviation") in Berlin,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Technische Universität Berlin - Rechenhilfe für Ingenieure )〕 today known as the German Aerospace Center in Cologne. Zuse moved on to the Z4 design; this was built days before the war ended. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Z3 (computer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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